JACKSON AVW (1938) This new identity from Mani, the fresh creator of Manichaeism
Even when establish it’s like he was absent, and though live it’s as if the guy were lifeless
Diary of your own American China People 58: 235-40. Supposed representations away from Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, is actually chatted about, having planning of one’s traditions listed from the al-Nadim (writing c. 987 Ce) you to Mani is actually lame in both foot or even in his proper feet. That traditions might possibly be backed by retranslation out of a term inside the the Pahlavi Denkart (step three.200, 1-13) (find Dinkard, above), using the identity ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ so you can Mani (see less than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The latest Lepers, the fresh Lame, this new Blind, while the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is a respected, important and you will somewhat unattractive journalist having ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), in the Basra (today inside Iraq), whose work has been far quoted along the Arab industry. Here, considering Michael Dols, he discussed “bodily infirmities for example skin problems, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and private functions particularly baldness, leanness, and you will ugliness.” Their point were to reveal that “bodily infirmities and peculiarities don’t hinder an individual from being a completely energetic person in the newest Muslim society or bar your out-of crucial practices. Al-Jahiz maintained one to bodily conditions commonly social stigmas however they are just what is named signs of divine true blessing otherwise like.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The leper inside the Medieval Islamic people. Speculum 58: 891-916, for the p. 901) Despite his or her own connection with negative public responses, al-Jahiz in just one of their best-recognized works, ‘The Miracle of Creation’, wrote harshly in the personal areas of deafness. Apart from the deaf individuals loss of tunes, “Men and women are bored stiff in the organization in which he are a weight on it. He’s incapable of listen to some of the man’s reports and discussions. ” (cited from the F. Haj, Handicap inside Antiquity, q.v., p. 159). A different commentator notes you to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is considered the most tough works by Jahiz, and its own matter is almost unique for the historical Arabic books. (Truth be told there will not be seemingly a keen English translation offered by present).
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JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifestyle for the Old Asia because Depicted from the Jain Canons. Bombay: The Publication Company. Ailment and you may medication, as well as various disabilities, regarding Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). People who have handicaps, also rational retardation, is actually omitted from joining religious commands (194). Find Tattvartha Sutra, below; including next a couple of products).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated of Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you can 1895), SBE twenty-two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [New SBE series utilized an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in lieu of ‘J’, needless to say factors. Right here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted regarding normal alphabetical order to possess benefits.] – Brand new Akaranga Sutra (in the vol. I), from perhaps the 5th century Ce, provided instruction having good holy and you will simple lives. Disability and you can handicap appear, age.g. “for the destruction of your own attitudes of ear, attention, organs off smell, sampling, pressing, one gets alert to the brand new decline away from lives” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fruits regarding incorrect serves into the prior to lives was: “Comes and you will leprosy, application, shedding sickness, loss of sight and you can firmness, lameness and you will humpbackedness, Dropsy and dumbness, lookup! apoplexy (?) and eye-disease, trembling and crippledness, elephantiasis and you can diabetes, They are the sixteen infection enumerated inside the due order; in addition to all of them of several conditions and you will injuries exist.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) step one.] LatinBeautyDate doДџrulama e-postasД± But really right-oriented individuals is to take care to play with harmless terms and conditions when meeting you aren’t instance conditions. It “ought not to chat ones such as this: ‘He ‘s got comes otherwise leprosy, etc [adding the brand new conditions shown above]; his give is cut, otherwise their base, nose, ear, lip try clipped.’ To possess since all such people, verbal to help you this kind of vocabulary, getting angry, and that, given really, they should not communicate with all of them this kind of vocabulary.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] – New Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in the Vol. II) in addition to cards handicap having ageing, “Should your human anatomy develops dated, and your locks converts light, the efficacy of your ears decreases”, likewise toward eyes, nose, tongue, contact (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. – The Sutrakritanga Sutra (inside the Vol. II) says for the passing brand new “blind-created people” (p. 243), and “guys whom walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering after matrimony is actually cautioned of the terrible disablement of that condition: becoming ordered about away from start right up until midnight by partner, plus the other countries in the nights comforting babies and you can washing their nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks which take part in erotic pleasures is actually guaranteed nonetheless bad pains when they perish; right after which it “could well be created deaf-and-dumb, otherwise blind [footnote: either blind because of the birth, or certainly dumb otherwise unaware], or foolish from the delivery.” (p. 363; similar toward pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you may dos (7)].